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Bali Art Vs Cultural Globalization Tsunami

The 33rd Bali Art Festival (Pesta Kesenian Bali) in 2011 with the theme ”Desa Kala Patra: The Self Adaptation in Multicultural” has passed. Of course, talking about the world of art was basically mentioned about the beauty of human expression as well – as individuals and as social beings – which the existence is depends on the place, time, and circumstances of the dynamics of culture.

Art is the crystallization of adaptation and community experience chatting with life and environmental conditions. Similarly, Balinese art is a mirror and a symbol of cultural achievements of civilization society. Local wisdom ‘Desa kala patra’ has guided the Balinese art shows flexible character, both internally in the middle of the Balinese people themselves as well as external interaction with diverse cultures approached. However, when the wave of cultural globalization hegemonizing the entire universe, whether Balinese art still survive?

Before the world ”united” by information technology, communications, and transportation, as now, Bali is a nursery area of dynamic artistic expression. Klungkung royal dynasty in the 16-17 century, for example, recorded contribute greatly to the world of art in Bali. In the reign of Dalem Waturenggong, touted as the era of the rise and development of literary art, architecture, and performing arts. Classical performing arts such as Gambuh drama, Wayang Wong, Puppet and Mask Theatre, for example, reveals in the community with the support of the charismatic aegis of the Royal in that time. In its way, the genres of the arts become the main foundations of Balinese performing arts development such as the emergence of Arja theater, drama magical Calonarang fragment and Legong Kraton.

Towards the end of the 20th century, Bali then have a figure that paid great attention to art and culture. It is Governor Ida Bagus Mantra which stimulate the arts community through art festival ideas. Since 1978, the Bali Arts Festival held rolling steadily every year until now. Various values of Balinese beauty displayed. The beauty of the art heritage of the past coupled with a range of contemporary artistic expression. Bali art festival or known as PKB, has been a prestigious art arena more than a quarter century. The artists considers the PKB as a honor stage. Balinese people put PKB as cultural events which worth to enjoyed. Local and central government was carrying PKB with a variety of perspectives, from the background-pragmatic economic interests, for example tourism, to the culture as a vehicle of political idealism. From the cultural strategy’s view point, PKB is a Balinese cultural re-positioning in the era of globalization. Searching is necessary strategic position, at the macro level, the existence of local culture increasingly pressured by the brunt of the global culture. Cultural globalization causes diverse local artistic expression also undermined its own supporters in the community. Bali art is not an exception. Indeed, globalization has touched Bali since the ancient time. But when Bali became a tourist destination of the world and supported by the development of information technology, communications, and rapid transport, where the Balinese artistic values experienced shocks and challenges. Television media hegemony, on the one hand, distorts even eliminate some Balinese artistic expression.

The phenomenon of Balinese artistic expression loosening caused by the banging of cultural globalization which we can see in the traditional performing arts. When Ida Bagus Mantra rolling the PKB, globalization banging it still feels flat, but the fast growth of human life now, raises the cultural surprises which previously unanticipated. The result was a clash and confrontation between the old with the foreign-new values brought by the globalization. The existence of traditional Balinese performing arts in Bali community, is increasingly alarming. The classical-rare-old performing arts was totter, encroached by time. But recently, emerging governments and communities discourse to preserve the ancient culture of Bali. Modernization is needed, but the heritage needs to be preserved as well.


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